Improvement in steam-generators



G. G. HUNT. STEAM GENERATOR. No. 69,215. Patented Sept. 24, 1867.

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Leiters Patent'Nb.- 69,215, dated September 24, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT STEAM-GENERATOR.

ALL WHOA-I IT MAY GONCERN:

Be it known that I, GEORGE G. HUNT, of Bridgcgort, in the county'of Fairfield, and State of Connecticut, have'invented an Improrement'in SteaniBoilers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, referenc'e being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification,

- in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of an upright steam-boiler having my invention appliedto it.

Figure 2 is a dia'metric'a-l section through the improved steaniboiler.

Figure 3 is a section through the boiler, taken in the horizontal plane indicated by reddinc :c a: in fig.' 2.

Similar lett-ers of reference indicate corresponding parts in the three gures.

This invention relates to animprovement in the construction oi steam-boilers which are designed particularly for burning soft or bituminous coal.

The object of my invention is to so-coustruct a steanrboile'r that the heated gases and smoke arising from the body of coals in theiire-box shall be conducted into a rcverberating-chamber, and from thence caused to Vdescend and pass through a body of live or incandescent coals, at points which are below the level of the, water in the boiler, and which arelocated at the lower ends oi' ascending iues leading through the boiler, thereby causing a perfect combustion of the gases and a saving of fuel, es will be hereinafter explained.

It also consists in the arrangement, within the outer shell ot" a steam-generator, of a series of ascending lues and a reverberating-chaniber communicating with and arranged immediately over a lire-chamber, which is 'of greater superficial area ,than the said tubes andrevrberating chamber, thereby causing afree direct draught which pass from the tire-chamber A through the water and steam spaces, and also throughthe boiler-head into up through the coals, which are directly beneath the ascendingr ilucs, and keeping these coals in an incandescent state, for the purpose of burning the gases which are generated in said rererbcrating-chamber, at the points of escape of these gases, and at the same time vhaving a chainber oi' highly heated gas surrounded bythe wat-erin the boiler, as will be hereinafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand myinvention, I will describe'its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings, B represents an upright boiler, which may be made of the cylindre-conical form shown, or'of any other suitable form, and R is a cylindrical reverbmating-chamber, which is constructed with aconcavoconvex crown, and arranged concentricallywithin'the shell B, below the water line, as shown in tig. 2,. Between this reverberatingchamber R and the outer shell of thc boiler are anumber o'f tubes or flues', T,

a cone or othersuitable escape-chamber or chimney. VThese'vertical dues T are arranged coneentrically around the reverberating-chambcr R, and their lower endscpen directly into the lire-chamber A, at points which are in the same horizontal plane as the lower end or opening ol' said reverberating-chamber, as shown in g. 2. The lower end of the shell of the reverbcrating-chamber, and of the lower ends of the fines T, are united to and sustained by the horizontal diaphragm or crown g of the iire-charnber A. Below the diaphragm g, and in a plane parallel to it, is the grate G, which is sustained within the chamber A, above the lower end of the boiler,

and surrounded by the water in the boiler. This grate'G extends out beneath the lower ends of all the ascend ingues T, and supports the coal beneath these fines, as well as beneath the reverberating-chamberR. A dooropening, closed by door D, is made through the boiler-sheil B and thc shell of" chamber B., for the purpose of introducing fuel into the fircchainber, and admitting small quantities of air, if desired, through a register, 1'. The door-opening .eis designed for ador-ding access to the lire-chamber A below the door D, for the purpose of affording access to thc grate for clearing it. A fire being kindled on the grate-bars G, and the fuel having become well ignited, a fresh supply of coal is introduced through tne 'door l), until the upper surface a a ofthe coal is within the reverberati11g-chamber R, above the diaphragm y, as shown in tig. 2.

The operation is as follows: The ascending direct draught, which is through the grate directly below all the ilues T, will quickly renderthe coal at these points incandescent, and as this coal is burned away the body of coal in the chamber R will descend and spread out laterally, and thus supply its place. The coal which is directly below the chamber R, and that which is in this chamber, will not be supplied with the same quantity of aires the coal below the pipes T; still there will bc com bustion and generation of gases and smoke, which willrisc and till the chambcrvR above the level of the coal. The highly-heated gases will be reverberated in ehember R', and caused to pass through or above the'incaudescentcoal, where they will be subjected to such la high' degree of heat as will completely destroy thein. If it is desired, tubular air-inlets o may be arranged in suc. relation to the points Where the most perfect combustion takes place, as will supply air from the exterior of the boiler at such points as` shown in iig. 2. In the practical operation of my boilers I have found that the gases communicate considerable heat to thewater in the boiler throughthe shell of the re'verberating-chamber R, which is evidenced by the-crownplate of this chamber becoming red hot when the water line is allowed to fall below it. 4

I do not lay claim to the principle of conducting gascswhich accumulate in a chamber in a. stove through tirelire, as this is to some extent accomplished in many of the @base-burning stoves, in which reservoirs for supplying-coal to the fire-chamber are employed. Nor do I claim broadly the base-burning" principle applied to steam-boilers, as this will be found in the steam-boiler furnace patented July 29, 1856. In this patent a coal-supply cylinder is' arranged over a. fire-chamber` with provision for the combustion of the fuel within the lowervpart of' vlthe said cylinder. Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is l. The reverherating-cha'mber Rand ascending ues T, within the water-space of a steam-boiler, when said chamber and pipes communicate directly with the fire-chamber Aand are so arranged as-to cause the gases which accumulate abovel the coal insaid chamber R, to descend and p'ass through or over the incandescent coal below pipes T, substantially as described.

2. I claim the arrangement of' the rcverberating-cbmnber R and ascending liues '.l, directly over a gratesurface G, which extends beneath the said chamber and fines, and allows of a directupwaid draught through it at points below the lower ends of the flues, substantially as described. i

I claim the gas-reverberating chamber R, arranged within the water-space, in combination. with a firechamber, A, and the lues'l, arranged so as to e`ectthe combustion of the gases, which are caused to escape from chamber R at points below the level of the coal in this lhtter chamber, substantially as described.

GEO. G. HUNT.

Witnesses:

T; ENSIGN, C. W. STRONG.

s a l 

